When we hear the term heart disease, most of us immediately think of heart attacks. But did you know that heart disease actually refers to a wide range of conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels? Each type can have different causes, symptoms, and treatments — and understanding these can help you stay informed and take better care of your heart.

Here’s a closer look at the most common types of heart disease, what they mean, and how they can affect your health.

1. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

This is the most common type of heart disease — and the one most people are familiar with.

What it is:
CAD occurs when the coronary arteries (the blood vessels that supply your heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients) become narrowed or blocked due to plaque buildup (a mix of fat, cholesterol, and other substances).

Symptoms may include:

Chest pain or discomfort (angina)

Shortness of breath

Fatigue

Heart attack (if the artery becomes fully blocked)

Risk factors: High cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, and a sedentary lifestyle.